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D'Aronco, Sara (2016) DHA synthesis during pregnancy and markers of lung injury in infants with acute lung diseases. [Tesi di dottorato]

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Abstract (inglese)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential constituent of membrane cell phospholipids and a precursor of eicosanoid’s synthesis. During pregnancy, DHA is taken up from the maternal bloodstream and supplied to the fetus by placenta transfer. Maternal DHA intake, metabolism, and transfer are therefore crucial for fetal growth and development. In the first part of this thesis we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of measuring DHA endogenous synthesis in pregnant women using the stable isotope natural abundance approach. Alveolar surfactant is a key player in sustaining lung physiology. It’s well established that lack of surfactant, surfactant inhibition as well as changes in surfactant composition, can seriously compromise gas exchange and may lead to mechanical ventilation support. Thus, in the second part of this thesis we studied surfactant composition during acute lung disease in newborn infants. First we compared term newborns affected by neonatal pneumonia and without lung disease to clarify if surfactant proteins’ changes could have a role in the reduced pulmonary compliance observed in these patients. Finally, we studied if and how histological chorioamnionitis and gestational age affect surfactant composition in pre-term infants affected by RDS.

Abstract (italiano)

L’acido docoesaenoico è un componente essenziale dei fosfolipidi delle membrane cellulari ed un precursore per la sintesi degli eicosanoidi. Durante la gravidanza il passaggio di DHA dalla circolazione materna al feto è mediata dal passaggio trans-placentare. Assunzione, metabolismo materno e transfer placentare del DHA sono quindi fondamentali per la crescita e lo sviluppo del feto. L’obiettivo della prima parte di questa tesi è stato quello di valutare la fattibilità nel misurare la sintesi endogena di DHA durante la gravidanza utilizzando l’approccio dell’abbondanza naturale degli isotopi stabili.
Il surfattante alveolare è di fondamentale importanza nella fisiologia polmonare. E' noto che una carenza di surfattante, una sua inibizione così come dei cambiamenti nella sua composizione, possono compromettere l’efficienza dello scambio gassoso al punto da rendere necessario il supporto della ventilazione meccanica. Nella seconda parte di questa tesi abbiamo quindi studiato la composizione del surfattante nei neonati affetti da malattia polmonare acuta. Prima abbiamo confrontato neonati con polmonite neonatale con neonati privi di patologia polmonare per chiarire il ruolo delle proteine specifiche del surfattante
nella ridotta compliance polmonare che si osserva nella fase acuta della polmonite. Infine
abbiamo studiato come e se età gestazionale ed esposizione alla corioamniosite istologica
influenzano la composizione del surfattante in neonati pretermine affetti da RDS.

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Tipo di EPrint:Tesi di dottorato
Relatore:Cogo, Paola
Dottorato (corsi e scuole):Ciclo 28 > Scuole 28 > MEDICINA DELLO SVILUPPO E SCIENZE DELLA PROGRAMMAZIONE SANITARIA > EMATO-ONCOLOGIA, GENETICA, MALATTIE RARE E MEDICINA PREDITTIVA
Data di deposito della tesi:27 Gennaio 2016
Anno di Pubblicazione:Gennaio 2016
Parole chiave (italiano / inglese):Pregnancy DHA / Surfactant Composition Newborns Acute Lung Disease
Settori scientifico-disciplinari MIUR:Area 06 - Scienze mediche > MED/38 Pediatria generale e specialistica
Struttura di riferimento:Dipartimenti > Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino
Codice ID:9216
Depositato il:18 Ott 2016 12:08
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